180 lines
2.9 KiB
Markdown
180 lines
2.9 KiB
Markdown
# 9.2 Server
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## Server-Grundlagen
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### Serverarten
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| Typ | Aufgabe |
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|-----|----------|
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| Webserver | HTTP bereitstellen |
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| Datenbankserver | Daten speichern |
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| Fileserver | Dateien bereitstellen |
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| Mailserver | E-Mail |
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| Druckserver | Drucker verwalten |
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| Authentifizierungsserver | Anmeldung (AD, LDAP) |
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### Betriebssysteme
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```
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Server-Betriebssysteme
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├── Windows Server
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│ ├── 2019
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│ └── 2022
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├── Linux
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│ ├── Ubuntu Server
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│ ├── CentOS/RHEL
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│ └── SUSE
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└── BSD
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```
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---
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## Linux-Server
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### Grundbefehle
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```bash
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# Paketverwaltung (Debian/Ubuntu)
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apt update
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apt upgrade
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apt install paketname
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# Systemd
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systemctl start dienst
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systemctl stop dienst
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systemctl status dienst
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systemctl enable dienst
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# Prozesse
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ps aux
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top
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htop
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```
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### Benutzerverwaltung
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```bash
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# Benutzer anlegen
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sudo useradd -m benutzername
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# Passwort ändern
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sudo passwd benutzername
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# Zur Gruppe hinzufügen
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sudo usermod -aG gruppe benutzername
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# Benutzer löschen
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sudo userdel benutzername
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```
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---
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## Windows Server
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### Rollen
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```
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Windows Server Rollen
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├── Active Directory (AD DS)
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├── DNS-Server
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├── DHCP-Server
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├── IIS (Webserver)
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├── Dateiserver
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├── Drucker-Server
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└── Hyper-V
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```
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### PowerShell
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```powershell
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# Dienst starten
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Start-Service -Name "Spooler"
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# Prozesse anzeigen
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Get-Process
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# Benutzer anlegen
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New-LocalUser -Name "Benutzer" -Password (ConvertTo-SecureString "Passwort" -AsPlainText -Force)
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```
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---
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## Webserver
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### Apache
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```apache
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# Virtual Host
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<VirtualHost *:80>
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ServerName example.com
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DocumentRoot /var/www/html
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<Directory /var/www/html>
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Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
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AllowOverride All
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</Directory>
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ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
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CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
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</VirtualHost>
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```
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### Nginx
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```nginx
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server {
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listen 80;
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server_name example.com;
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root /var/www/html;
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index index.html index.php;
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location / {
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try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
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}
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location ~ \.php$ {
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fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php-fpm.sock;
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fastcgi_index index.php;
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fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
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include fastcgi_params;
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}
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}
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```
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---
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## Server-Hardware
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### Komponenten
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| Komponente | Bedeutung |
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|------------|----------|
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| CPU | Rechenleistung |
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| RAM | Arbeitsspeicher |
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| Festplatte | Speicher (SSD bevorzugen) |
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| Netzwerk | Bandbreite |
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| USV | Ausfallschutz |
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### RAID
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```
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RAID - Stufen
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├── RAID 0: Striping (keine Redundanz)
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├── RAID 1: Mirroring (Spiegelung)
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├── RAID 5: Parität (min. 3 Platten)
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├── RAID 6: Doppelte Parität
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└── RAID 10: Spiegel + Striping
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```
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---
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## Querverweise
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- [[LF9-01-Netzwerkdienste|Zurück: Netzwerkdienste]]
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- [[LF9-03-Virtualisierung|Nächstes Thema: Virtualisierung]]
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---
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*Stand: 2024*
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