177 lines
2.9 KiB
Markdown
177 lines
2.9 KiB
Markdown
# 9.4 Monitoring
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## Monitoring - Grundlagen
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### Was wird überwacht?
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```
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Monitoring-Bereiche
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├── Verfügbarkeit (Ist das System erreichbar?)
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├── Performance (CPU, RAM, Disk)
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├── Netzwerk (Traffic, Latenz)
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├── Anwendungen (Logs, Fehler)
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└── Sicherheit (Eindringlinge)
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```
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### Wichtige Metriken
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| Metrik | Beschreibung | Beispiel |
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|--------|-------------|----------|
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| CPU | Auslastung | < 80% |
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| RAM | Speicherauslastung | < 85% |
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| Disk | Festplattennutzung | < 90% |
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| Network | Durchsatz | 100 Mbps |
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| Latency | Antwortzeit | < 200ms |
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---
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## Monitoring-Tools
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### Nagios
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```
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Nagios - Features
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├── Host-Überwachung
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├── Service-Überwachung
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├── Alerting
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├── Plugins
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└── Web-Interface
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```
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### Prometheus + Grafana
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```
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Stack
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├── Prometheus: Metriken sammeln
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├── Alertmanager: Alarme
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├── Grafana: Visualisierung
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└── Exporters: Datenquellen
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```
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### Prometheus - Beispiel
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```yaml
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# prometheus.yml
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global:
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scrape_interval: 15s
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scrape_configs:
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- job_name: 'node'
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static_configs:
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- targets: ['localhost:9100']
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```
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### Grafana Dashboard
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```
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Grafana - Verwendung
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1. Datenquelle hinzufügen (Prometheus)
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2. Dashboard erstellen
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3. Panels konfigurieren (Graph, Stat, Table)
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4. Alerts einrichten
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```
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---
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## Logging
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### Log-Management
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```
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Log-Stufen
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├── DEBUG: Detaillierte Informationen
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├── INFO: Allgemeine Informationen
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├── WARNING: Warnungen
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├── ERROR: Fehler
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└── CRITICAL: Kritische Fehler
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```
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### Zentrales Logging
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```
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ELK-Stack
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├── Elasticsearch: Suchmaschine
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├── Logstash: Verarbeitung
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├── Kibana: Visualisierung
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└── Beats: Sammlung
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```
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### Logging in Python
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```python
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import logging
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logging.basicConfig(
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level=logging.INFO,
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format='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s'
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)
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logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
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logger.info("Anwendung gestartet")
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logger.error("Fehler aufgetreten")
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```
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---
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## Alerting
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### Alert-Regeln
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```yaml
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groups:
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- name: example
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rules:
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- alert: HighCPU
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expr: cpu_usage > 80
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for: 5m
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labels:
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severity: warning
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annotations:
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summary: "Hohe CPU-Auslastung auf {{ $labels.instance }}"
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```
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### Benachrichtigungswege
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| Kanal | Einsatz |
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|-------|----------|
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| E-Mail | Standard |
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| Slack | Team-Kommunikation |
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| PagerDuty | Incident Management |
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| SMS | Kritische Alarme |
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---
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## Verfügbarkeit
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### Uptime
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```
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Uptime-Berechnung
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99% → 7,3 Stunden/Jahr offline
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99,9% → 8,7 Stunden/Jahr offline
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99,99% → 52 Minuten/Jahr offline
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99,999% → 5 Minuten/Jahr offline
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```
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### Checks
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```
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Verfügbarkeitsprüfung
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├── Ping
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├── Port-Check
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├── HTTP-Response
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├── Zertifikat
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└── Transaktion
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```
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---
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## Querverweise
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- [[LF9-03-Virtualisierung|Zurück: Virtualisierung]]
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- [[Wissen/Wirtschafts-Sozialkunde/WISO-Zusammenfassung|WISO: Betriebswirtschaft]]
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---
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*Stand: 2024*
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